What Is the Driving Force for ATP Synthesis by the ATP

question 51

Multiple Choice

What is the driving force for ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase enzyme?

• A) The electron transfers through the protein complexes.
• B) ADP + P_i \(\rightarrow\) ATP
• C) The oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
• D) The pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

---

Definitions:

White Privilege

The societal privileges that benefit white people beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white people.

McIntosh

Peggy McIntosh, an American feminist and anti-racism activist, known for her work on white privilege and male privilege.

Social Structures

The complex framework of societal institutions (such as laws, the economy, and social norms) and the relationships among those institutions that determine the pattern of human interaction.

Race

A social construct used to categorize humans based on physical and ancestral characteristics, influencing identities and social positions.