What Do All Craniates Have That Earlier Chordates Did Not

question 49

Multiple Choice

What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?

• A)brain
• B)vertebrae
• C)cartilaginous pipe surrounding notochord
• D)partial or complete skull
• E)bones

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Definitions:

Observational Learning

The process of learning behaviors by watching and imitating others, without direct reinforcement.

Discourtesy and Disrespect

Behaviors or actions that are rude, inconsiderate, or show a lack of regard for others.

Cognitive Map

A mental representation of a spatial arrangement such as a maze.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without immediate reinforcement and is not demonstrated until a suitable motivation is provided.