Researchers Obtained the Data Depicted Here by Sampling Human Blood

question 54

Multiple Choice

Researchers obtained the data depicted here by sampling human blood containing HIV and then isolating and sequencing genes within the human immunodeficiency virus's DNA.What does the line and shaded area that intersect the x-axis represent?

• A)an index of natural selection on the HIV genes studied
• B)an index of mutations within gene regions of HIV that are unrelated to the success of the virus (such as how virulent it is or how well it reproduces within its human hosts)
• C)a measurement of changes between HIV gene sequences,specifically on genes important for the replication,reproduction,and spreading of the virus
• D)a prediction of when HIV first infected humans,based on the theory that neutral DNA mutations to non-protein coding sections of the HIV genome have accumulated in a consistent manner over time.

Understand the evidence of evolution provided by fossils and the methods used for dating fossils.

Recognize the existence of bias in the fossil record and explain its causes.

Compare the homology in the forelimbs of mammals to understand their evolutionary relationship.

Identify the closest living relative of humans based on DNA sequence comparisons.

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Definitions:

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in controlling the brain's reward and pleasure centers, mood regulation, and movement.

Glia

Glia, or glial cells, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons, playing a crucial role in brain function.

Resting Potential

The electrical potential of a neuron or muscle cell at rest, with the interior being negatively charged relative to the exterior.

Cell Body

The spherical part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and connects to the dendrites, which bring information to the neuron, and the axon, which sends information to other neurons.