Dilation of the Pelvis and Calices of One or Both

question 212

Multiple Choice

Dilation of the pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from obstruction of the flow of urine is:

• A) VCUG.
• B) UTI.
• C) glomerulonephritis.
• D) hydronephrosis.

---

Definitions:

P-value

The probability of observing results as extreme as those observed in a study, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis in statistical analysis that assumes no significant difference or effect exists between specified populations or parameters.

Statistical Significance

An indication that the results observed in a study or experiment are unlikely to occur by chance alone, according to a predetermined threshold.

Random Sample

A selection of people drawn from a broader group, where every person has the same likelihood of being chosen.