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A Causal Relationship Between an Action and an Outcome Has

question 71

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A causal relationship between an action and an outcome has been confirmed whenever there is evidence of a strong association between the two and evidence that the action preceded the outcome.


Definitions:

Rationalization

A defense mechanism where one justifies actions or feelings with logical reasons, even if these are not the true reasons.

Denial

A psychological defense mechanism where an individual refuses to accept reality, truth, or facts.

Minimization

The strategy or action of reducing or keeping something to its smallest amount or degree.

Justification

The act of providing reasons or explanations for behaviors, decisions, or beliefs.

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