When Comparing Qualitative and a Quantitative Approaches to Measurement,operationalization in the Qualitative

question 35

Multiple Choice

When comparing qualitative and a quantitative approaches to measurement,operationalization in the qualitative approach involves which of the following?

• A) More of an "after-the-fact" description based on what was observed in the data than based on a preplanned idea
• B) A researcher taking a carefully developed theoretical definition and developing specific empirical indicators of it for use when later gathering data
• C) A process that comes after careful conceptualization; operationalization never comes before careful conceptualization in qualitative research
• D) There is no difference between qualitative and quantitative operationalization.
• E) There is no operationalization in qualitative research.

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Definitions:

Natural Experiments

Observational studies where the conditions are naturally occurring rather than being controlled or manipulated by the researcher, used to infer causality.

Random Experiments

Procedures or trials that yield different outcomes, each with a specific probability, even when repeated under the same conditions.

Vaccinated People

Individuals who have received vaccinations, which are medical treatments that provide immunity against one or several diseases.

Teacher Absenteeism

Refers to the frequent absence of teachers from schools, which can detrimentally affect student learning and school performance.