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Suppose the following equations give the demand and supply for loanable funds in billions of dollars; r is the real interest rate in percentage points :
QD = 160-10r
QS = -20 + 20r
a) How do the demand and supply equations change if the government deficit increased by $5 billion?
b) Calculate the new equilibrium interest rate and quantity of loanable funds. (Compare this to the zero-deficit equilibrium.)
c) Calculate the changes in consumer and producer surplus due to the increase in government deficit. Who gains and who loses from the change in government deficit?
Actual Labour Hours
The real amount of labor time spent by employees on the production of goods or provision of services.
Standard Labour Rate
The pre-determined cost per unit of labor time, used in calculating labor expenses in manufacturing.
Variable Manufacturing Overhead
Variable manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs that vary with the level of production, such as utilities or materials needed in the production process.
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