Which of the Following Research Approaches Is Based on the Concept

question 29

Multiple Choice

Which of the following research approaches is based on the concept of utility or usefulness?

• A) Deductive
• B) Behavioral
• C) Inductive
• D) Pragmatic

---

Definitions:

Machine Bureaucracy

A highly structured organizational form that operates through strict procedures and rules, with tasks clearly defined and hierarchical authority.

Direct Management Supervision

A management approach where supervisors closely monitor and directly oversee their employees' work and processes.

Narrower Spans of Control

Organizational structure where a manager supervises a small number of subordinates, leading to closer supervision and more direct manager-employee interaction.

Standardization

The process of implementing and developing technical standards to ensure consistency and compatibility within processes, products, or services.