According to Bandura

question 47

Multiple Choice

According to Bandura,

• A) direct reinforcement is not always necessary for learning to occur.
• B) observational learning occurs only if the observer is reinforced.
• C) reinforcement is important in observational learning but not in modeling.
• D) all learning can be explained using operant conditioning principles.
• E) intrinsic reinforcements are external reinforcements.

---

Definitions:

Pragmatic, Business-Like Approach

A practical and realistic method of dealing with business situations, focusing on results and efficiency instead of theory or ideals.

Labor Unions

Organizations that represent the collective interests of workers, negotiating wages, benefits, and working conditions with employers.

Mainstream Economics

The dominant school of thought in economics, focusing on the analysis of market behavior and the allocation of resources through the price mechanism.

Institutional Labor Economics

A branch of economics that studies the way institutions and societal norms impact labor markets, employment, and wage setting.