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Consider the circular flow of expenditure and income in the Canadian economy. Which of the following is an
Injection into the circular flow?
Inverted U-Theory
A hypothesis that suggests a relationship between any given variable and a factor of interest initially increases, reaches an optimal level, then declines.
R&D Expenditures
Refers to spending on research and development activities by governments, businesses, or other organizations to innovate or improve products and services.
Economies of Scale
The economic benefits companies achieve through expanding their scale of activity, as the cost for every unit of output falls with the growth in scale.
Income
The financial earnings received by an individual or entity, typically measured over a certain period of time.
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