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A Researcher Wished to Evaluate the Operating Life of a Certain

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A researcher wished to evaluate the operating life of a certain brand of storage battery. A group of 30, brand-new batteries was selected and placed in 30 identical automobiles. The lights in each automobile were then turned on (without running the engines), and the length of time before the batteries were fully discharged (lights went out) was recorded. The scores, in hours, were: 15, 10, 20, 18, 18, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 10, 9, 9, 8, 9, 9, 11, 11, 11, 15, 12, 12, 12, 10, 12, 12, 15, 12.
-Calculate the variance.


Definitions:

Mutual Influence

A concept in leadership and organizational behavior that emphasizes the reciprocal effects between leaders and followers, where both parties impact each other's actions and outcomes.

Specified Rewards

Rewards clearly defined and communicated in advance, contingent on the achievement of specific objectives.

Contingent Reward

A leadership strategy where rewards are given based on performance or the achievement of certain criteria.

Annual Performance Reviews

A formal assessment process where an employee's job performance is documented and discussed, often yearly, by supervisors.

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