Questions Below Will Be Based on the Following: a Researcher

question 158

Multiple Choice

Questions below will be based on the following: A researcher was interested in discovering whether attitude changes can be more effectively brought about when persons are made to feel part of the decision making process. A group of women was selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups, one group being placed in a large lecture hall, and the other in a small discussion-group setting. In the lecture setting, a speaker exhorted the women to use less expensive cuts of meat, whereas in the small-group setting a different group leader, although raising the same issues as the lecture had, also encouraged the subjects to participate in the discussion and offer suggestions, Several weeks later both groups of women were checked at home to determine whether they were indeed using the meat cuts which had been urged. Only 3% of the lecture group members had the meat cuts, whereas 32% of the discussion group members had the meat cuts. The difference was clearly significant.
-The independent variable was

• A) an assigned-subject variable
• B) manipulated
• C) held constant
• D) accounted for by the difference in group variability

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Definitions:

β-Ketoester

An ester compound containing a ketone group (C=O) at the beta-position relative to the ester group.

Claisen Condensation

A chemical reaction where two esters or an ester and a carbonyl compound react in the presence of a base to form a β-keto ester or a β-diketone.

Ester Enolate

A reactive intermediate formed from the deprotonation of an ester, used in various organic synthesis reactions.

pKa

A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution, representing the acid dissociation constant on a logarithmic scale.