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Describe Four Diverse Functions of Friendships in Late Adulthood

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Describe four diverse functions of friendships in late adulthood.


Definitions:

Punishment

A consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior recurring, often by introducing a negative outcome or removing a positive condition.

Positive Punishment

Adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.

Negative Punishment

In behavioral psychology, it refers to the removal of a desirable stimulus after a behavior occurs to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Instinctual Responses

Automatic, innate reactions to stimuli, driven by primal, survival-oriented impulses.

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