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Suppose the price level is constant, output is demand- determined, and the economy is closed with no government. If the saving function is S = - 100 + (0.2) Y, the simple multiplier is
Consumer Surplus
The discrepancy between what consumers are prepared and able to spend on a product or service and the actual amount they end up paying.
Producer Surplus
The difference between what producers are willing to sell a good for and the actual price they receive, serving as an indicator of producer welfare.
Direct Price Discrimination
A pricing strategy where a business charges different prices to different customers for the same product or service, based on willingness to pay.
Arbitrage
A means to defeat a price discrimination scheme; it occurs when low-value individuals are able to resell their lower-priced goods to the higher-value group.
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