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Assume that by devoting all its resources to the production of X, nation Alpha can produce 40 units of X.By devoting all its resources to Y, Alpha can produce 60Y.Comparable figures for nation Beta are, 60X and 40Y.Refer to the above information.Beta would prefer terms of trade at, or close to, 1X = 1 1/2 Y.
Cartels
Associations of independent businesses or organizations that agree to impose limiting regulations, such as fixing prices or output levels, to maximize collective profits.
Nash Equilibrium
A concept in game theory where no player can gain by unilaterally changing their strategy if the strategies of the other players remain unchanged.
Oligopoly
A market structure characterized by a small number of firms dominating the market, leading to limited competition and potentially high prices.
Interdependent
A relationship between entities in which each is mutually reliant on the other, often used to describe economies or markets that affect one another.
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