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Assume that by devoting all of its resources to the production of X, nation Alpha can produce 40 units of X. By devoting all of its resources to Y, Alpha can produce 60Y. Comparable figures for nation Beta are 60X and 40Y. We can conclude that
Efficient Market Hypothesis
A theory that suggests market prices fully reflect all available information, making it impossible to consistently achieve higher than average returns.
Random Walk
The hypothesis that stock market prices evolve according to a random path, making it impossible to consistently predict their future direction.
Index Funds
A type of mutual fund with a portfolio constructed to match or track the components of a financial market index, such as the S&P 500, aiming to offer broad market exposure, low operating expenses, and low portfolio turnover.
Moral Hazard
A situation where one party engages in risky behavior or fails to act in good faith because another party bears the consequences or costs.
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