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Describe the two primary types of defenses to a defamation action.
Covariation Principle
A theory suggesting that people attribute behavior to causes that appear at the same time as the behavior and are absent when the behavior does not occur.
Attributions
The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events, either their own or others'.
Heuristics
A strategy for making judgments quickly, at the price of occasional mistakes.
Dissonance Theory
A psychological theory suggesting that inconsistency among beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors causes discomfort, leading individuals to seek coherence.
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