When the Net Charge on Either Side of the Plasma

question 40

Multiple Choice

When the net charge on either side of the plasma membrane is zero, what else is true?

• A)There is an equal number of K⁺ ions on each side of the plasma membrane.
• B)The K⁺ leak channels are open.
• C)The electrochemical potential across the membrane is zero.
• D)The resting membrane potential is between −20 mV and −200 mV.

Differentiate between nutrients essential and non-essential for physical wellbeing.

Identify the psychological benefits of regular exercise, especially in stress and depression management.

Recognize the importance of patient compliance in long-term treatment for chronic illnesses.

Understand drug dependence, including tolerance and physical dependence.

---

Definitions:

Phosphate Group

A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, crucial in the structure of DNA and energy transfer.

Antioxidant Molecules

Compounds that prevent oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals and thus damage cells.

Free Radicals

Highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can cause damage to cells and DNA, playing a role in aging and various diseases.

Aerobic Respiration

Oxygen-requiring cellular respiration; breaks down organic molecules (particularly glucose) and produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Includes glycolysis, acetyl–CoA formation, the Krebs cycle, and electron transfer phosphorylation.