For Each of the Following Sentences, Fill in the Blanks

question 2

Essay

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below.Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { cyclic GMP } & \text { IGF } & \text { NO } \\\text { Delta } & \mathrm{IP}_{3} & \text { phosphodiesterase } \\\text { diacylglycerol } & \text { MAP kinase } & \text { Ras }\end{array}$


Cells signal to one another in various ways.Some use extracellular signal molecules that are dissolved gases, such as __________ which can diffuse easily into cells.Most receptor tyrosine kinases activate __________ , a small GTP-binding protein found at the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane.Some intracellular signaling pathways involve a series of protein kinases that phosphorylate each other, as seen in the __________ signaling module.Lipids can also relay signals in the cell, as we observe when phospholipase C cleaves the sugar-phosphate head off a lipid molecule to generate the two small messenger molecules __________ (which remains embedded in the plasma membrane) and __________ (which diffuses into the cytosol).

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Definitions:

Preferred Stock

A class of stock that typically offers dividends and claim on assets before common stockholders but usually does not have voting rights.

Common Stock

A form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security representing an ownership interest in a corporation.

Capital Stock

The total amount of shares that a company is authorized to issue, representing the main source of equity for the company.

Preferred Stock

A class of ownership in a corporation that has a higher claim on assets and earnings than common stock, often with fixed dividend payments.