For Each of the Following Sentences, Fill in the Blanks

question 2

Essay

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below.Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { cyclic GMP } & \text { IGF } & \text { NO } \\\text { Delta } & \mathrm{IP}_{3} & \text { phosphodiesterase } \\\text { diacylglycerol } & \text { MAP kinase } & \text { Ras }\end{array}$


Cells signal to one another in various ways.Some use extracellular signal molecules that are dissolved gases, such as __________ which can diffuse easily into cells.Most receptor tyrosine kinases activate __________ , a small GTP-binding protein found at the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane.Some intracellular signaling pathways involve a series of protein kinases that phosphorylate each other, as seen in the __________ signaling module.Lipids can also relay signals in the cell, as we observe when phospholipase C cleaves the sugar-phosphate head off a lipid molecule to generate the two small messenger molecules __________ (which remains embedded in the plasma membrane) and __________ (which diffuses into the cytosol).

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Definitions:

Dependent Variable

In a study or experiment, this is the variable anticipated to vary as a result of alterations in the independent variable.

Independent Variable

A variable in an experiment that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Observed Value

The actual value measured or recorded during an experiment or survey.

Dependent Variable

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is being tested and measured, and is 'dependent' on the independent variable.