The Contingency Perspective Refutes Universal Principles of Management by Stating

question 99

Multiple Choice

The contingency perspective refutes universal principles of management by stating that a variety of factors, both internal and external to the firm, may affect an organization's performance. Thus, according to this management approach,

• A) there is no "one best way" to manage and organize because circumstances vary.
• B) a Gantt chart is not an appropriate tool for planning.
• C) planning cannot be one of the four functions of management.
• D) external factors, internal strengths and weaknesses, and skills of managers and workers should not be considered in planning, organizing, leading, or controlling.
• E) bureaucratic rules and controls are of major importance.

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Definitions:

Bar Chart

A graphical display used to represent data with rectangular bars of lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

Qualitative Variable

A variable that categorizes or describes an attribute using qualitative properties (e.g., colors, names, labels).

Stem And Leaf Plot

A graphical representation used in descriptive statistics to display quantitative data where each data point is split into a "stem" and a "leaf."

Limnologist

A scientist who specializes in the study of inland waters, including the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics and processes of lakes and rivers.