Based on the information provided in this figure, what event contributes directly to the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane? 
Definitions:
Spousal Abuse
Physical, emotional, or sexual harm inflicted by one spouse on the other, encompassing a range of abusive behaviors.
Unplanned Pregnancies
Pregnancies that occur without being intentionally planned or desired beforehand.
Climacteric Factors
Aspects related to the period of life in which a person transitions from a reproductive to a non-reproductive stage, affecting both genders but more commonly associated with menopause in women.
Future Generation Relationships
The connections and interactions between current and upcoming generations, often concerning the impact of present decisions on future societies.
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