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question 181

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Definitions:

Discount Rate

The interest rate charged by central banks on loans to commercial banks, influencing monetary policy and liquidity.

Money Supply

The cumulative sum of money, including cash, coins, and the funds deposited in checking and savings accounts, accessible in an economy at a definite point in time.

Reserve Requirement

The mandate by central banks determining the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank, directly affecting the bank's capacity to lend.

Excess Reserves

The capital reserves held by a bank or financial institution in excess of what is required by regulators, laws, or internal controls.