In Stars, Helium Can Sometimes Be Fused into Carbon and Heavier

question 18

Multiple Choice

In stars, helium can sometimes be fused into carbon and heavier elements (in their final stages of life) . Why didn't the same fusion processes produce carbon and heavier elements in the early universe?

• A)Temperatures in the early universe were never above the roughly 100 million Kelvin required for helium fusion.
• B)Helium fusion occurred, but the carbon nuclei that were made were later destroyed by the intense radiation in the early universe.
• C)By the time stable helium nuclei had formed, the temperature and density had already dropped too low for helium fusion to occur.
• D)No one knows-this is one of the major mysteries in astronomy.

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Definitions:

Standard Cost System

A cost accounting system that uses predetermined costs for materials, labor, and overhead charges to control actual costs and measure variances.

Material Variances

Material variances are differences between the actual costs of materials and the expected (or standard) costs.

Cost Variances

The difference between actual costs and standard or budgeted costs in business operations.

Standard Manufacturing Costs

The predetermined cost of manufacturing a single unit, including direct labor, direct materials, and manufacturing overhead, under normal conditions.