A P Value Is the Mathematical Probability That a Relationship

question 14

Multiple Choice

A p value is the mathematical probability that a relationship between variables within a research sample could have been produced by:

• A) unethical research methods.
• B) sampling error.
• C) sampling bias.
• D) some other variable or variables.

---

Definitions:

Languages Exist

The phenomenon that spoken or sign languages are developed and used by human communities as a medium for communication and cultural expression.

Conflict Theory

A theoretical framework in sociology that emphasizes the role of societal conflicts, power, and inequality in shaping social relations.

Ascriptive

Referring to the assignment of social status, roles, or characteristics at birth, based on factors such as race, gender, or family heritage, rather than personal achievement.

Continental Divide

A geographical boundary or ridge in a continent that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent.