A "Null Finding" That Two Variables Believed to Be Related

question 8

Multiple Choice

A "null finding" that two variables believed to be related are really unrelated:

• A) is of no value.
• B) is less valuable than if the variables had been found to be related.
• C) can be just as valuable as the finding of a relationship between the variables.
• D) suggests that the research was methodologically flawed in some way.

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Definitions:

Concrete Thinking

A style of thinking that relies on the physical, tangible reality and does not easily grasp abstract concepts.

Scaffolding

An educational approach involving more knowledgeable others providing temporary supports to help a learner achieve higher levels of understanding.

Zone of Proximal Development

A concept in developmental psychology introduced by Lev Vygotsky, describing the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement.

Reinforcements

In behavioral psychology, stimuli used to increase the likelihood of a repeated behavior by applying rewarding or punishing consequences.