A P Value Is the Mathematical Probability That a Relationship

question 14

Multiple Choice

A p value is the mathematical probability that a relationship between variables within a research sample could have been produced by:

• A) unethical research methods.
• B) sampling error.
• C) sampling bias.
• D) some other variable or variables.

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Definitions:

Indwelling Urinary Catheter

A medical device inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine for patients who cannot urinate on their own.

Urinary Output

The amount of urine produced by the kidneys, which is a key indicator of renal function and fluid balance in the body.

Catheter Tubing

Flexible tubing connected to a catheter used for draining fluids from the body or administering fluids into the body.

Urinalysis

A test of urine to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.