Explain How Vibrio Cholerae Causes Cholera Without Apparent Damage to the Intestinal

question 55

Multiple Choice

Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium.

• A) This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium-this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact.
• B) This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
• C) This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete chloride ions. This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
• D) The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. Therefore, it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease, although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium.
• E) This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.

Identify the criticisms and limitations of anomie-strain theory, especially concerning its application to different social classes.

Appreciate the contribution of anomie-strain theories to the broader understanding of the causes and varieties of deviant behavior.

Explore the concept of social control and its relation to deviance as discussed in control theories.

Analyze the significance of positive and negative stimuli, and the removal of positive stimuli in recent developments of anomie-strain theory.

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Definitions:

Statistical Distribution

A mathematical function that describes the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes for an experiment or process.

Waiting Line

A queue or line formed when entities (people, objects, data) wait for service or processing, often analyzed to improve efficiency in various systems.

Waiting Line System

A mathematical model used to analyze the flow of customers or items in systems where there is a need to wait or queue, focusing on time spent in queues and system capacity.

Arrival Or Inputs

In operations research and systems management, refers to the entities that enter into a system or process for processing or service.