Your Friend Ellie Is Pregnant

question 76

Multiple Choice

Your friend Ellie is pregnant. She tells you that her mother, a microbiologist, has warned her not to clean out the cat's litter box while she is pregnant in case she contracts a disease called toxoplasmosis, which can affect her fetus. She says her mom told her toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, that may be found in the feces of infected cats and also in raw meat. Your friend's mom tells her that when a person has not had a particular disease, they are not immune to the pathogen that causes the disease, and lack antibodies against that microbe. Your friend has never had toxoplasmosis but she doesn't quite understand why this, and the fact that she doesn't have antibodies to T. gondii, is important. You help her understand some facts about her adaptive immune system.
-You tell your friend that antibodies

• A) bind to and destroy an antigen such as the toxoplasmosis parasite.
• B) bind to and tag an antigen for elimination by white blood cells such as macrophages.
• C) bind to and destroy any self cells in which a pathogen may reside and multiply.
• D) coat the cytoplasmic membrane of a self cell so a pathogen cannot enter it.
• E) All of the choices are correct.

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