Which of the Following Is an Example of Phase Variation

question 63

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of phase variation?

• A) N. gonorrhoeae expressing different types of pilin protein.
• B) Influenza virus expressing variations of glycoprotein HA and NA spikes.
• C) S. pyogenes producing a capsule of hyaluronic acid, which is also a host component.
• D) E. coli producing pili for attachment to epithelial cells.
• E) These are all examples of phase variation.

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Definitions:

Variable Costs

Expenses that change in proportion to the volume of goods or services a company produces, such as materials and labor costs.

Primary Management Function

The core activities central to managing an organization, often categorized as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Macro Uncertainty

Macro uncertainty refers to the unpredictable changes and instability in the macroeconomic environment that affect countries, markets, and global financial systems.

State Uncertainty

A condition in which there is a lack of clarity about the status of an environment or situation, often leading to difficulties in decision-making.