Recall That Participants in a Field Experiment by Reno and His

question 30

Multiple Choice

Recall that participants in a field experiment by Reno and his colleagues (1993) were more likely to properly dispose of a handbill left on their windshields when they saw a confederate pick up and dispose of a fast-food bag. Results of this experiment reveal the power of __________ to reduce littering behaviors.

• A) descriptive norms
• B) self-awareness
• C) injunctive norms
• D) subjective norms

Understand the use of passive-voice verbs to soften the impact of bad news.

Learn the elements to include in the closure of bad-news messages to maintain a positive tone.

Develop empathy and the ability to convey it in business communications.

Recognize the potential legal implications of future-oriented statements in bad-news communications.

---

Definitions:

Functional Structures

Functional structures group together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks.

Technical Expertise

Specialized knowledge or skills in a specific area of technology, often crucial for solving complex problems or creating innovative solutions.

Functional Departments

Distinct sections within an organization, each dedicated to a specific function or area of expertise such as marketing, finance, or human resources.

Mechanistic

An organizational structure characterized by rigid hierarchies, clear responsibilities, and centralized decision-making.