In Describing His Experiences During the Decision-Making Process That Preceded

question 198

Multiple Choice

In describing his experiences during the decision-making process that preceded the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's adviser, Arthur Schlesinger, reported that although he was opposed to the invasion, he didn't speak out because "others would regard it as presumptuous of him, a college professor, to take issue with august heads of government institutions." This example best reflects __________ as a symptom of groupthink.

• A) group members' sense of invulnerability
• B) decisive leaders' refusal to solicit other points of view
• C) self-censorship in the interest of avoiding criticism
• D) the isolation of groups

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Definitions:

Confidence Interval

A range of values, calculated from the sample data, that is likely to include the true population parameter with a specified level of confidence.

Confidence Interval

An estimate expressed as a range that likely contains a population parameter, characterized by a lower and upper bound computed from sample data.

Two Population Means

A statistical comparison between the mean values of two distinct groups or populations.

Sample Means

The arithmetic averages derived from multiple subsets of a population, reflecting the central tendency of each subset.