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What Did Leon Festinger's (1957) Original Formulation of Dissonance Theory

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Essay

What did Leon Festinger's (1957) original formulation of dissonance theory posit? Be sure to address what cognitive dissonance is, how and when it arises, and what people do to reduce it.


Definitions:

Relative Deprivation

The feeling of dissatisfaction or injustice from comparing oneself unfavorably to others in terms of resources, status, or achievements.

Personal Happiness

An emotional state characterized by feelings of joy, satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment.

Others' Attainments

The achievements or accomplishments of other people that might serve as standards or goals for an individual.

Facial Feedback Effect

The hypothesis that facial movement can influence emotional experience. For example, smiling can make you feel happier.

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