During a Nap, Six-Month-Old Haley Has a Red Dot Painted

question 13

Multiple Choice

During a nap, six-month-old Haley has a red dot painted on her forehead. When she awakes, researchers place her in front of a mirror. Which of the following responses is LEAST likely to happen when Haley looks into the mirror?

• A) Haley reaches up to her forehead to touch the red dot that has appeared there.
• B) Haley turns around to look for her mom.
• C) Haley reaches out to touch the baby sitting in front of her.
• D) Haley drops her head and begins playing with her toes.

Compare and contrast different motivational models, particularly those of Tolman and Hull.

Recognize the distinction between reward and drive reduction.

Grasp the essentials of Hull's motivational model.

Understand the role of cognitive psychology in evolving the perception of Tolman's theories.

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Definitions:

1:2 Contingency

A specific reinforcement schedule where one behavior is reinforced every second time it occurs.

1:1 Contingency

In behavioral psychology, this refers to a situation where every instance of a specific behavior is followed by a particular consequence, ensuring a direct correlation between behavior and outcome.

2:1 Contingency

A reinforcement schedule where two responses are required for one reinforcement to be given.

Matching Law

A principle stating that in a situation with multiple options for reinforcement, the proportion of responses directed toward an option matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained from that option.