Shannon Conducts an Experiment to Test Her Hypothesis That Longer

question 158

Multiple Choice

Shannon conducts an experiment to test her hypothesis that longer arguments cause couples to become angrier at each other. She randomly assigns couples to argue for either ten minutes or twenty minutes. After her assistant Ken runs the study, Ken tells Shannon that he allowed the couples who were really fighting hard to keep arguing longer than Shannon had originally stated. Shannon cringes, for she knows that the __________ of her study is very low.

• A) random assignment
• B) random selection
• C) internal validity
• D) meaningfulness

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Definitions:

Proportional

A concept where elements are in a constant relationship in terms of size, amount, or number relative to a whole.

Regressive

Describing a tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxpayer’s income increases, placing a larger burden on lower-income individuals.

Taxable Income

Taxable income is the portion of your gross income that's subject to taxes after deductions and exemptions.

Tax Liability

The total amount of tax owed to the government after all deductions, credits, and prepayments have been taken into account.