Which of the Following Examples Illustrates the Weakness of Act

question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following examples illustrates the weakness of act utilitarianism?

• A) Firm A refrains from accepting bribes even if that decreases its aggregate utility.
• B) Firm A takes Firm B's practice of offering bribes as a given and offers a matching bribe because that increases its aggregate utility.
• C) Firm B believes that offering a bribe is ethical because it boosts competition.
• D) Firms A and B consider bribery ethical in situations where a rational observer would understand the reason for the action.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Social Learning Theory

A theory that emphasizes the influence of other people. Even without reinforcement, people learn via role models. (Also called observational learning.)

Learning Theory

A conceptual framework describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to research where a problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.