Approaches to Toilet Training Have Changed Over Time

question 81

Multiple Choice

Approaches to toilet training have changed over time. At one point it was suggested that parents toilet-train whenever they wished, using reinforcement as part of the training. This view is consistent with _____.

• A) psychoanalytic theory
• B) cognitive theory
• C) behaviorism
• D) information-processing theory

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Definitions:

Externality Hypothesis

A theory suggesting that individuals attribute their success to internal factors and failures to external factors, often explored within the context of social psychology and self-perception.

Principle Homeostasis

The regulatory principle that organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Hierarchy Needs

A theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow, suggesting that people are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization, which form a hierarchy.

Self-actualization

The realisation or fulfilment of one's talents and potentialities, considered as a drive or need present in everyone.