Examlex
Since 70% of the preferred dividends received by a corporation are excluded from taxable income,the component cost of equity for a company that pays half of its earnings out as common dividends and half as preferred dividends should,theoretically,be
Cost of equity = rs(0.30) (0.50)+ rps(1 - T) (0.70) (0.50).
Actus Reus
The physical act of committing a crime, as opposed to the mental intent to commit the crime.
Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine
A common law doctrine under which the court may impose criminal liability on a corporate officer for actions of employees under her or his supervision regardless of whether she or he participated in, directed, or even knew about those actions.
Criminal Vicarious Liability Doctrine
A legal principle holding one person or entity responsible for the criminal actions of another, typically in an employer-employee relationship.
Corporate Criminal Doctrine
A legal theory that attributes criminal liability to corporations and their executives for acts that are illegal under the law, acknowledging that entities can be responsible for criminal behavior.
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