General-Law Cities Have More Autonomy from the State Than Home-Rule

question 42

True/False

General-law cities have more autonomy from the state than home-rule charter cities.

Grasp the principles of operant conditioning, including shaping and avoidance learning.

Identify and explain learned helplessness, including its causes and effects.

Understand the concept of taste aversion learning and its unique properties.

Appreciate the role of observational learning and the impact of model behavior.

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Definitions:

Fixed-Interval

A schedule of reinforcement where rewards are provided after a specific and constant period of time has passed.

Variable-Interval

A reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after a random period has elapsed following a response.

Fixed-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified number of responses, in behaviorist psychology.

Variable-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, making it highly effective in maintaining behavior after it has been learned.