The Comparative Method, When Considering Phylogeny, Forces Us to Consider

question 48

Multiple Choice

The comparative method, when considering phylogeny, forces us to consider

• A) how many times an adaptation is found in the collection of species that make up a genus.
• B) evolutionary relationships between species that do not share a common ancestor.
• C) how many times a trait evolved, rather than how many species a trait is found in.
• D) whether a given species should be classified in a particular genus.

Know the fundamental concepts related to statistical tests, including the alternative hypothesis and Type II error.

Recognize the significance of construct validity in research and how variables represent theoretical constructs.

Understand the concept of validity in research and its implications for the accuracy of research findings.

Identify examples of experimental design elements that support the validity of research conclusions.

---

Definitions:

Competitive Market

A market structure in which many firms offer products or services that are similar, allowing consumers to have choices, leading to lower prices due to competition.

Long-Run

A period in which all factors of production and costs are variable, allowing for full adjustment to any changes.

Market Demand

The total quantity of a good or service that all consumers are willing and able to purchase at various price levels within a given market, at a specific time.

Short Run

A time period during which at least one input, such as plant size or capital, is fixed and cannot be changed.