Refer to the MegaStat/Excel Output for the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks

question 9

Multiple Choice

Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon signed ranks test given in the table below. At a significance level of .01, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the null hypothesis, H₀: D₁ and D₂ are identical probability distributions, and the alternative hypothesis of H_a: D₁ is shifted to the left or right of D₂.

• A) We reject H₀ and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left of the probability distribution of population 2.
• B) We cannot reject H₀ and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left or right of the probability distribution of population 2.
• C) We reject H₀ and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left of the probability distribution of population 2.
• D) We do not reject H₀ and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left or to the right of the probability distribution of population 2.
• E) We do not reject H₀ and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is identical to the probability distribution of population 2.

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Definitions:

Negative Contrast Effects

Negative contrast effects occur when a lesser stimulus reduces the response strength or preference for the more favorable stimulus that was previously established.

Lateral Amygdala

A brain region involved in emotional responses, particularly fear and the formation of emotional memories.

Contingency Management

A behavior modification technique that rewards or punishes specific behaviors to encourage or discourage them, respectively.

Self-reinforcement Procedure

A technique in behavior modification where individuals reward themselves for reaching set goals or displaying desirable behaviors.