In a study of the factors that affect success in economics, data were collected for 8 business students. Scores on a calculus placement test are given with economics final exam scores. The data are below: 
It can be shown that for these data: 
= 17.75, 
= 70.38, 
= 237.50, 
= 545.875, 
( 
− 
) = 140.75.
Calculate the sample covariance.
Definitions:
Physical Development Tests
Assessments designed to evaluate the physical growth and motor skills progression in individuals, often used for children.
Commercially Prepared
Pertains to products, especially foods or medicines, manufactured and sold by businesses rather than made at home.
Questionnaire
A research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
Personal Opinions
Individual beliefs or judgments that are not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.
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