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What are the differences between classical conditioning and operant learning?
Petiole
The stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem in plants, providing support and transporting nutrients and water between them.
Proton Pumps
Membrane-bound enzymes that actively transport protons (H+) across a membrane, generating an electrochemical gradient used for energy.
Chloride Ions
Negatively charged chlorine atoms that are important for maintaining fluid balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating acid levels in the body.
Osmosis
The movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize solute concentrations on both sides.
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