A Powerful Way to Ensure That the Independent Variable Actually

question 8

Multiple Choice

A powerful way to ensure that the independent variable actually affected the dependent variable when using a before-and-after design is by

• A)Using a multiple group before-and-after design
• B)Using only multiple "after" groups
• C)Using only multiple "before" groups
• D)Using multiple "before and after" groups

---

Definitions:

Actual GDP

The total market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a specific period, measuring the economy's real output without adjustment for inflation.

Self-correcting Forces

Economic mechanisms that naturally work to restore equilibrium in markets without government intervention.

Potential GDP

The maximum output an economy can produce without triggering inflation, if it fully employs all available resources, including labor and capital.

Expansionary Gap

A situation where the actual level of output in an economy exceeds its potential output, often leading to inflation.