Carolyn Joins Arbitrar Consultants as a Sales Trainee

question 65

Multiple Choice

Carolyn joins Arbitrar Consultants as a sales trainee.Her manager sends her an email outlining her role and responsibilities and the specific tasks she will be in charge of at the company.This is an example of ________.

• A)upward communication
• B)parallel communication
• C)downward communication
• D)horizontal communication
• E)lateral communication

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Definitions:

R&D Expenditure

Funding allocated towards research and development activities to innovate or improve products or services.

Expected Rate of Return

A measure of the anticipated profit or loss on an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's initial cost.

Fast-Second Strategies

Business tactics employed by companies to quickly follow innovators, capitalizing on the market research and initial developments made by the first movers without bearing the same risks or costs.

Dominant Firms

Companies that have a major share of the market and can significantly influence the market's dynamics.