If a and B Are Any Two Events with P(A)=

question 3

Multiple Choice

If A and B are any two events with P(A) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.4,then the joint probability of A and B is:

• A)0.80
• B)0.40
• C)0.32
• D)1.20

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Definitions:

Arrow's Properties

A set of criteria designed by economist Kenneth Arrow to assess the social welfare or collective decision-making functions, ensuring fairness, unanimity, and independence of irrelevant alternatives.

Pairwise Majority Voting

A voting system where candidates are compared in pairs, with each pair being voted on separately, to determine the most preferred option by majority decision.

Condorcet Paradox

A situation in social choice theory where collective preferences can be cyclic (i.e., not transitive), even if the individual preferences within the group are rational and transitive. It highlights the complexity of voting systems and decision making.

Individual Preferences

The personal likes or dislikes of an individual, which influence their decisions and behavior.