Scientists Have Studied,in Detail,the Evolution of the Peppered Moth,Biston Betularia,over

question 38

Essay

Scientists have studied,in detail,the evolution of the peppered moth,Biston betularia,over the last two hundred years.The peppered moths rest on tree trunks and are a tempting treat for birds in the area.In the mid-1800s the trees in their England habitat were covered with lichens,which are a light,grayish-green color.Although color variations occurred,the vast majority of the moths were light-colored.Because their light coloration effectively camouflaged them against the lichens-covered trees,they were not as easily seen by birds as darker colored moths.The light-colored moths flourished.
The environment changed,as the Industrial Revolution progressed.By 1900,the lichens had died and trees were coated with soot due to industrial pollution.The lighter colored moths were no longer "hidden" in their environment,and in fact,were easily seen by their predators.Their numbers dwindled.At the same time,the darker-colored moths flourished because of their ability to hide on the soot-covered trees.
a.What type of selection is this?
b.What is the agent of selection?
c.What alleles were favored in the clean environment? The polluted environment?

Describe the basic concepts of genetics such as genotype, phenotype, and the role of chromosomes and genes.

Recognize the interdisciplinary approach of behavioral genetics in understanding complex behaviors.

Explain how genetic and environmental factors contribute to variations in physical and psychological traits among individuals, including twin studies.

Understand the basic principles of heredity and the biological basis of individual differences including the concept of polygenic inheritance.

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Definitions:

Traffic Light

A signaling device positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control traffic flow.

Structured Sentencing Guidelines

A system providing detailed instructions for judges on how to determine the appropriate sentences for criminal offenses, often based on the severity of the crime and the defendant's criminal history.

First Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution protecting freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.

Service of Process

The procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person or entity.