In an Octahedral Complex, Electrons In $d _ { z^2 }$

question 59

Multiple Choice

In an octahedral complex, electrons in $d _ { z^2 }$ and $d _ { x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } }$ orbitals experience a greater repulsion from the lone pairs of electrons on ligands because these orbitals

• A) contain more electrons than the other three d orbitals.
• B) each contain one unpaired electron.
• C) are oriented directly toward the incoming ligand electron pairs.
• D) are located a greater distance from the metal ion nucleus.
• E) are roughly spherical in shape, much like an s orbital.

---

Definitions:

ATP Synthesis

The process by which cells produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), involving the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.

Kidney Tubule

A tiny tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration, consisting of the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

Proteases

Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids by cleaving peptide bonds.

ER Lumen

The inner compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum, a crucial organelle in eukaryotic cells, involved in protein synthesis and maturation.