[Solved] Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population are called _____ studies. Automatic: Processes or responses that occur without conscious control or decision-making, often reflexive or habitual in nature. Excessive Thought: Engaging in overly repetitive or non-productive thinking, often seen in anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Nonviolent Pornography: describes explicit sexual material that does not depict violence or coercive acts, drawing distinctions based on the nature of the content. Attitudes Toward Women: The beliefs, feelings, and predispositions one holds about women, which can range from positive to negative.