The Vikings Are Generally Regarded as Being a Destructive Force

question 2

Multiple Choice

The Vikings are generally regarded as being a destructive force in European history:

• A) but such a view may not be correct in light of the principalities they established across northern Europe.
• B) as evidenced by the raids they staged on virtually every population center in Europe from London to Paris to Rome itself.
• C) because of the destruction caused to a great many monasteries throughout Europe and the accompanying loss of the libraries in those monasteries.
• D) but this has been exaggerated since they stayed mostly in Scandinavia with only a few raids into England and northern France, destructive though those were.
• E) which is true, but they have an undeservedly bad reputation when compared with the Magyars who conducted raids into western and southern Europe.

---

Definitions:

Tautological Consequent

A conclusion in a deductive argument that is true by definition or is logically unavoidable.

Tautology

A statement that is true in every possible interpretation, often repeating the same idea in different words unnecessarily.

Self-Contradictory Antecedent

A condition in a hypothetical statement that contradicts itself, making the statement impossible or illogical.

Tautology

A statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form, often repeating the same idea in different words without providing additional information.